IGF = Insulin Growth Factor
Inferior = lower (closer to the feet), or below (as opposed to superior)
INJ= Inject, Injection
Intensity= Normally expressed as the percentage of weight you are lifting relative to your one rep maximum. In other words, how much weight is on the bar in relation to your maximal ability
Interval Training = exercise session where the intensity and duration of exercise are conciously alternated between harder and easier work; often used to improve capacity or endurance
Intraabdominal Pressure = pressure generated within the abdominal cavity when the diaphragm and deep torso muscles contract. This aids in supporting the vertebral column during lifting by means of the abdominal tissue and fluid being kept under pressure by contraction of the surroundking muscles (“the fluid ball”). See also ‘valsalva maneuver’.
Isokinetic Contraction = muscle contraction against a resistance that moves at a constant velocity, so that the maximum force of which the muscle is capable throughout the rom can be applied.
Isometric Action = muscle action where the muscle attempts to contract against and immovable object. Sometimes erroneously called “isometric contraction” although there is no significant shortening of the muscle.
Isotonic Contraction = muscle contraction against a constant resistance, as in lifting a weight…basically all free-weight training.
Joints = the junctions of bones
Ketosis = an elevated level of ketone bodies in the tissues seen in sufferers of starvation or diabetes, and a symptom brought about in dieters on very low carbohydrate diets.
Kinematics= the termporal and spatial characteristics of motion
Kinesiology = the science of motion. It can be termed applied functional anatomy.
Kinetics= forces that act upon, cause, modify, facilitate, or inhibit motion.
KG or kg= kilograms = 2.2 lbs (or #)
Lateral= In anatomy, the side of the body or a body part that is farther from the middle or center of the body. Typically, lateral refers to the outer side of the body part, but it is also used to refer to the side of a body part. For example, when referring to the knee, lateral refers to the side of the knee farthest from the opposite knee. The opposite of lateral is medial.
LH = Leutenizing Hormone
lb or # = pound(s)
Lordosis = Inward curvature of the spine. Normally, for example, the low back demonstrates lordosis. A normal slightly arched lower back is referred to as lordortic or ‘arched’. ROUNDED is the opposite of this and would be termed as Kyphotic.
MCG= Micrograms mcg=micrograms
ME= Maximum Effort
Medial = Pertaining to the middle; in or toward the middle; nearer the middle of the body. Medial is as opposed to lateral. For example, the medial side of the knee is the side closest to the other knee whereas the lateral side of the knee is the outside of the knee. The side of the body or bdy part that is nearer to the middle or centre (median) of the body. For example, when referring to the knee, medial would mean the side of the knee that is closest to the other knee the opposite of medial is lateral.
Metabolism = From the Greek, metabole, meaning “change” .The process involving a set of chemical reactions that modifies a molecule into another for storage, or for immediate use in another reaction or as a by product. It is made up of catabolism and anabolism and can be described as the total of all the catabolic and anabolic actions in a system. This includes processes for cell growth, reproduction, response to environment, survival mechanisms, sustenance, and maintenance of cell structure and integrity.
MG = Milligrams mg=milligrams
ML = Milliliters
Muscle Insertion = The distal (away from the center of body) attachment of a muscle
Muscle Origin = the proximal (toward the center of the body) attachment of a muscle
Multiaxial Joints = Such as the shoulder and hip (ball and socket). They allow movement about all three perdendicular axis.
NO = Nitric Oxide
NOLVA= Nolvaldex
NTH= Testosterone Enanthate
Neutral grip = a grip halfway between pronated and suppinated grip where the knuckles point laterally and the thumbs face up or away from the front of the body.
OTC= Over the counter
oz = ounces
PCT= post cycle therapy
PH= Prohormone
PIN = Needle
Plane = a two-dimensional surface with an orientation defined by the spatial coordinates of three discrete points within the plane that are not all contained in the same line. In exercise, movement occurs in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane, known as cardinal planes.
Posterior= back
PR = Personal Record
PRIMO= Primobolan, Primobolan Depot
Pronated grip= palms facing down or away from body, or writst turned outwards away from one another
Pronation= Inward rotation of the forearm. Also describes a slight inward rolling motion the foot makes during a normal walking or running stride. The foot (and ankle) rolls slightly inward to accomodate movement. Some people, however, over-pronate and roll more than normal. With over-pronation, the arch of the foot flattens and causes excessive stress and pressure on the soft tissues of the foot. Over-pronation is more common in those with flat feet, and can lead to foot aches and pain, such as plantar fasciitis, Shin Splints and Knee Pain.
Prone = Lying face down, with the front or ventral surface downward, as opposed to supine.
PROP = Testosterone Propionate
Proximal = Toward the beginning, the nearer of two (or more) items. For example, the proximal end of the femur is part of the hip joint, and the shoulder is proximal to the elbow. Nearer to a point of reference such as an origin, a point of attachment, or the midline of the body. Closer to the trunk or midsagittal plane. The opposite of proximal is distal.
PS = Prosteroid
PWO= post work out
QD= once a day
QOD = Every other day
Recruitment = Refers to which and how many motor units are involved in a muscle contraction
RM = rep maximum (maximum weight at that number of reps)
ROM= Range of Motion
Rotation = movement about an axis (twisting the arm or trunk)
Sagittal Plane = (anteropsoterior or median cardinal plane) divides the body vertically into left and right halves, each half weighing the same. This line is imaginary so don't stare in the mirror looking for it or your eyes will cross.
Sarcoplasm = the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber, containing contractile components: protein filaments, other proteins, stored glycogen, fat particles, enzymes, mitochondria, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Subluxation = a partial displacement of the joint surfaces, often resulting in laxity or instability
Superior = upper (closer to the head), or above (as opposed to inferior)
Supine= Lying face up with the back or dorsal surface downwardas opposed to prone.
Suppination= Outward rotation of the forearm. This is the anatomical position. Also describes an excessive outward rolling motion the foot and ankle during a walking or running stride. This motion can place extra stress on the foot. Supination is more common in those with flat feet and can lead to foot aches and pain, such as Iliotibial Band Syndrome,[Plantar Fasciitis, Shin Splints and Knee Pain. Sometimes called under-pronation (or high arches).
Suppinated grip = palms facing up or towards body, or in other words, wrists turned inwards toward one another.
Synovial Joints = Joints which allow a great deal of movement, such as the elbows, knees, and shoulders. The main joints abourt which movements occur. These are either uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial joints.
SLIN= Insulin
SUST = Sustanon
Synergist = a muscle that assists indirectly in a movement.
T3 = Thyroid Hormone
Tendon = The tissue by which a muscle attaches to bone. A tendon is somewhat flexible, but fibrous and tough. The epimysium of the muscle is continuous with the tendon, which attaches to the bone’s periosteum.